美洲非洲猪瘟的重大影响及应对措施

来源：猪译馆 2021-08-01 10:36:46| 查看：次

译者的话

美国农业部于7月28日称，多米尼加共和国确诊非洲猪瘟病毒，这是美洲近40年来首发非洲猪瘟。上一次多尼米加共和国的非洲猪瘟疫情爆发于1978年2月，期间经历了近400起疫情，全国扑杀了近20万头猪，直到1981年9月，不再出现新的临床病例，所有新引进哨兵猪的血清学检测均为阴性。此次非洲猪瘟的爆发，意味着该病毒又蔓延至一个新的大洲，至此，已有5个大洲发现了非洲猪瘟。

因为从多米尼加共和国到美国的临近距离(两国地理中心的直线距离/飞行路线为3210公里)，这也加剧了美国对该病毒向美国蔓延的担忧。7月29日，美国养猪健康信息中心紧急发布了一份报告，详述了此次疫情以及美国的应对措施。

全球猪病监测报告紧急发布- 2021年7月29日

Swine Disease Global Surveillance Report Immediate Release - July 29, 2021

非洲猪瘟(ASF)进入一个新的大陆：

African swine fever (ASF) diagnosed on a new continent:

在上次非洲猪瘟爆发40年后，多米尼加共和国又报道了新的非洲猪瘟。

ASF has been reported in the Dominican Republic after 40 years since the last outbreak

2021年7月28日，多米尼加共和国农业部确认在该国的猪群中检测到非洲猪瘟。多米尼亚共和国通过现行的合作监测项目向美国农业部外来动物疫病诊断实验室(梅岛)运送了389个来自农场猪和后院猪的样本，检测结果确定了非洲猪瘟病毒。

On July 28, 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Dominican Republic confirmed the presence of African swine fever (ASF) after learning the results of tests on 389 samples collected from pigs raised on farms and in backyards sent to the USDA - Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (Plum Island) through an existing cooperative surveillance program.

多米尼加共和国发现非洲猪瘟意味着该病毒40年来首次在美洲蔓延。1978年非洲猪瘟在多米尼亚共和国爆发，到1980年，整个期间报告了374次疫情，造成192,473头猪被扑杀。

The arrival of ASF in the Dominican Republic means the disease has leapt into the Americas for the first time in 40 years. Back then, the Dominican Republic dealt with the disease from 1978 to 1980, with 374 outbreaks reported throughout that period, representing an impact of 192,473 culled pigs.

此次非洲猪瘟的爆发，意味着该病毒又蔓延至一个新的大洲，至此，已有5个大洲发现了非洲猪瘟。

With this report, ASF is found on all five continents.

多米尼加政府报告说，在已发现疫情的桑切斯拉米雷斯省和蒙特克里斯蒂省(图1)的生猪存栏分别为1.5万头和4,600头。对桑切斯拉米雷斯省的一个后院养猪群检测发现，12头检测的动物中有8头检测阳性。蒙特克里斯蒂省一个后院养猪群也检测阳性。

The Dominican Government has reported there is a total population of approximately 15,000 pigs in Sánchez Ramírez and 4,600 in Montecristi (Map 1), the provinces where the outbreaks have been detected. A backyard swine herd in Sánchez Ramirez feeding swill was tested, with eight of 12 animals testing positive. Another backyard swine herd in Montecristi also tested positive.

有关部门表示:“与该国的生猪总量相比，这只是一个很小的数量。多米尼亚共和国的猪群数量估计在150万头到180万头之间。”

"This is a small population compared to the total population of pigs in the country, which is estimated between 1.5 million and 1.8 million pigs," authorities stated.

早期的响应

Early response

多米尼加政府已保证，国家农业部长已经启动了家畜外来疾病全国应急委员会，以确保农业部门的所有机构协调运作，保障全国生猪生产。

The Dominican government has assured that its Minister of Agriculture has already activated the National Emergency Committee for Exotic Diseases of Domestic Animals to ensure all institutions in the agricultural sector operate in a coordinated way to guarantee the national production of pigs.

已到位的紧急措施包括：

Some of the immediate actions in place include:

l 已禁止疫区的活猪和屠宰猪出入境

Entry and exit of live and slaughtered pigs in the affected provinces have been prohibited

l 两省都设立了军事检查站

Military checkpoints have been strategically established in both provinces

l 正在进行流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigations are being carried out

图1：多米尼加共和国受非洲猪瘟影响的两个省

Map 1. Dominican provinces affected by ASF

美国农业部的响应措施

USDA response

美国农业部的动植物卫生检验局(APHIS)有许多连锁的保障措施，以防止非洲猪瘟进入美国。由于经典猪瘟的原因，美国现行的限制措施禁止来自多米尼加共和国的猪肉和猪肉产品入境美国。

USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has numerous interlocking safeguards in place to prevent ASF from entering the United States. Pork and pork products from the Dominican Republic are currently prohibited entry as a result of existing classical swine fever (CSF) restrictions.

此外，国土安全部的海关和边境保护局(CBP)正在加强对来自多米尼加共和国的航班的检查，以确保旅客不会将违禁产品带到美国。CBP还将确保这些飞机上的垃圾得到妥善处理，以防止非洲猪瘟的传播。

Additionally, the Department of Homeland Security’s Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is increasing inspections of flights from the Dominican Republic to ensure travelers do not bring prohibited products to the United States. CBP will also be ensuring that garbage from these airplanes is properly disposed of to prevent the transmission of ASF.

美国农业部致力于协助多米尼加共和国处理非洲猪瘟，正在对多米尼加提供持续的检测支持，并将与他们协商增加额外的程序或行动，以支持应对和缓解措施。美国农业部还将向海地提供类似的帮助，海地与多米尼加共和国接壤，发生非洲猪瘟的风险很高。（译者注：多尼米加共和国与海地接壤，是海地岛仅有的两个国家（图2）。非洲猪瘟于1978年2月在多米尼加共和国爆发后，又于同年12月以高死亡率为特点的经典形式进入海地。最终多米尼加于1981年9月净化了非洲猪瘟，而海地直到1982年4月才得以净化）。

USDA is committed to assisting the Dominican Republic in dealing with ASF, is offering continued testing support, and will consult with them on additional steps or actions to support response and mitigation measures. USDA will also provide similar help to Haiti, which borders the Dominican Republic and is at high risk for ASF detections.

图2：此次爆发疫情的蒙特克里斯蒂省距离海地非常近。

美国农业部已经敦促国土安全部加强对来自多米尼加共和国的人和他们的行李的监察，特别是通过比格犬巡逻队，对肉类和猪肉产品的非法流动进行更严格的审查。

USDA has urged the Department of Homeland Security to increase surveillance of humans and their baggage from the Dominican Republic, especially by the beagle patrol, to have even more scrutiny for illegal movement of meat and pork products.

区域性问题

Regional concern

过去几天，当地新闻机构报道，靠近多米尼加共和国边境的一个海地小镇Ansa a Pitres的猪的死亡率有所上升。

In the last few days, local news agencies have reported an increase in the mortality of pigs in Ansa a Pitres, a small Haitian town near the border with the Dominican Republic.

多米尼加当局从边境的多米尼加军事部队收到有关邻国疫情发展的报告后，禁止了边境地区的猪肉商品化。

Dominican authorities have banned the commercialization of swine meat in the border region after receiving some reports from the Dominican military forces at the border regarding the events developing in the neighboring country.

美国农业部已向波多黎各发出警报，并将加强对波多黎各的监控。从多米尼加到其他加勒比国家的非法船只流动也是一个令人关切的问题。

USDA has alerted Puerto Rico and will have an increased presence and surveillance for Puerto Rico. Concerns with illegal boat movements from D.R. to other Caribbean countries are a concern, also.